The Okinawan Eku: A Unique Weapon of the Ryukyu Islands

The Eku, or "oar," is a traditional Okinawan weapon that holds a unique place in martial arts history. Originating as a fisherman’s tool, the Eku demonstrates the resourcefulness and adaptability of the Ryukyu people, who often turned everyday objects into weapons.

A Brief History of the Eku

Regarding the history of the Eku, or indeed many of the weapons used in Kobudo, there is little in the way of written history mainly due to the intense bombing of Okinawa at the end of WW2. Much of what we know has been handed down orally by practitioners of the art.

The Eku’s history is closely tied to the maritime culture of Okinawa, an island chain that heavily relied on fishing and trade. During the Ryukyu Kingdom era (1429–1879), Okinawan farmers and fishermen were prohibited from owning conventional weapons by both their rulers and the samurai of the Satsuma clan, who occupied Okinawa in the early 17th century. As a result, the islanders developed Kobudo, a martial art that utilised farming and fishing tools as weapons. The Eku is one of these improvised weapons, transformed from a humble wooden oar into a formidable tool of self-defense.

What Is the Eku?

The Eku resembles a traditional wooden oar but has subtle design differences that make it suitable for combat. Typically, it is made from hard, durable wood such as red oak or white oak, materials chosen for their balance of strength and flexibility. In modern times, reproductions of the Eku may be made from composite materials or lighter woods to facilitate martial arts training.

 An Eku is longer than the average bo staff, measuring around 5 to 6 feet (1.5 to 1.8 meters), and it features a flat, paddle-like blade at one end. This blade is slightly angled, allowing for unique striking techniques and applications. Some Eku have a flattened section along the length of the handle to enable the user to orientate the “blade” of the Eku for either defensive or offensive purposes.

How the Eku Is Used

In combat, the Eku is wielded similarly to a bo staff but with additional techniques that take advantage of its unique shape. The flat blade can be used for:

• Striking: Using the broad, flat surface of the Eku, less lethal strikes can be delivered resulting in blows that would stun or “slap” due to the force being dispersed over a greater area. Using the edge of the bladed section allowed for powerful blows aimed at vital regions such as the head, ribs, or limbs. Such blows to the limbs, or indeed, any portion of the body, could easily break bones. The length provides an advantage in maintaining distance from an opponent. Either end of the Eku can be used for thrusting attacks and, by gripping the Eku equally along its length, it can be used to shove an opponent away.

• Blocking and Parrying: The spacious surface area allows practitioners to intercept incoming attacks—be it punches, kicks, or other weapons—by deflecting or absorbing the impact.

• Trapping and Joint Manipulation: The rigidity of the wooden shaft can be used to trap an opponent’s limb or control their movement, facilitating joint locks or disarmament.

• Sweeps and Throws: Skilled practitioners utilise the Eku’s weight and leverage to execute sweeping movements or unbalance an attacker.

One of the most distinctive uses of the Eku is a technique known as “Sunakake” where sand  or water are thrown up into an opponent’s face, replicating its practical function as a fisherman’s tool. This technique exemplifies the ingenuity of Okinawan martial arts, emphasising both practicality and creativity.

Is the Eku a Practical Weapon?

In its historical context, the Eku was a highly practical weapon for Okinawan fishermen, as it allowed them to defend themselves using a tool they already carried. However, in modern times, its practicality is limited to martial arts practice and performance. The Eku is often featured in Kobudo demonstrations and competitions, where practitioners showcase its versatility and the skill required to wield it effectively. While it may not be a practical weapon for self-defense today, its value lies in preserving the cultural heritage and techniques of Okinawan martial arts.

The Craftsmanship of the Eku

Traditional Eku are handcrafted by skilled artisans who understand the nuances of balance and weight distribution. The wood is carefully selected and often polished to a smooth finish, ensuring that the weapon is both functional and aesthetically pleasing. Some modern versions may incorporate decorative elements, such as engravings or lacquer finishes, reflecting the rich artistry of Okinawan culture.

Today, the Eku continues to be celebrated as a unique element of Okinawan martial arts, reminding us of the island’s rich history and the enduring spirit of its people.